Create a Low Cost Ultrasonic Security System Using Arduino

12 May 2023 Balmiki Mandal 0 µC - µP

Ultrasonic Security System using Arduino

Using an ultrasonic security system with Arduino can be a great way to protect your home or business from unwanted intruders. Ultrasound is an effective and reliable form of security that has been used for decades to detect intruders. With the help of Arduino and some basic programming, it is possible to create a powerful and reliable security system that can alert you of any potential intrusions.

Understanding Ultrasonic Technology

Ultrasound technology works by sending out high frequency sound waves that reflect off of objects in a given area. Whenever something passes by these sound waves, the reflected sound waves can be picked up by sensors and interpreted as a result. The result of this is a set of data that indicates the presence of an object within a certain range. This makes it possible to detect intruders who may be entering a room or area.

Advantages of Using an Ultrasonic Security System with Arduino

  • Cost Effective: Using an ultrasonic security system with Arduino is much more cost-effective than traditional security systems.
  • Easy Installation: Arduino-based ultrasonic security systems are relatively easy to install and require minimal wiring.
  • Highly Accurate: Ultrasonic security systems are highly accurate and notify you whenever an intruder enters the premises.
  • Customizable: With Arduino, it is easy to customize the code to suit your needs, making it very versatile.

Here is a sample Arduino code for creating a low-cost ultrasonic security system using an Arduino:

#define TRIG_PIN 4 // Set the pin number to which the ultrasonic sensor trigger is connected
#define ECHO_PIN 5 // Set the pin number to which the ultrasonic sensor echo is connected
#define LED_PIN 13 // Set the pin number to which the LED is connected
#define ALARM_DELAY 1000 // Set the delay time for the alarm in milliseconds

long duration; // Variable to store the duration of the ultrasonic wave
int distance; // Variable to store the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor

void setup() {
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT); // Set the ultrasonic sensor trigger pin as an output
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT); // Set the ultrasonic sensor echo pin as an input
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as an output
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize the serial communication
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW); // Set the trigger pin to low
  delayMicroseconds(2); // Wait for 2 microseconds
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH); // Set the trigger pin to high
  delayMicroseconds(10); // Wait for 10 microseconds
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW); // Set the trigger pin to low
  
  duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH); // Measure the duration of the ultrasonic wave
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2; // Convert the duration to distance in centimeters
  
  Serial.print("Distance: "); // Print the distance in centimeters to the serial monitor
  Serial.println(distance);

  if (distance < 50) { // If the distance is less than 50 centimeters
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on the LED
    delay(ALARM_DELAY); // Wait for the alarm delay time
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // Turn off the LED
  }
}

Conclusion

This code uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of an object and triggers an alarm if the object is too close. The ultrasonic sensor is connected to the trigger and echo pins on the Arduino, and the LED is connected to pin 13.

In the setup() function, the code sets the ultrasonic sensor trigger and echo pins as output and input, respectively. It also sets the LED pin as an output and initializes the serial communication.

In the loop() function, the code sends a pulse to the ultrasonic sensor trigger and measures the duration of the ultrasonic wave using the pulseIn() function. The duration is converted to distance in centimeters and printed to the serial monitor.

If the distance is less than 50 centimeters, the code turns on the LED and waits for the alarm delay time specified by the ALARM_DELAY constant. After the delay, the LED is turned off.

Note that this code provides a basic framework for a low-cost ultrasonic security system and may require modifications to suit specific needs. For example, the ALARM_DELAY constant can be adjusted to set the alarm duration, and additional sensors and logic can be added to trigger different types of alarms or notifications.

Using an ultrasonic security system with Arduino is an excellent way to enhance the security of your home or business. It is relatively inexpensive, easy to install, and highly accurate. With a few lines of code and some basic programming, you can create an effective security system that will notify you of any unwelcome intrusions.

BY: Balmiki Mandal

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