Understanding the Difference Between Microcontroller and Microprocessor

What is the Difference between Microcontrollers and Microprocessors?

A microcontroller and a microprocessor both are integrated circuits, but the main difference between them lies in their scope and functions. Microprocessors are general purpose devices which are used as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. On the other hand, microcontrollers are specifically designed to control electronic devices.

Main Differences between Microcontrollers and Microprocessors

• Functionality: A microcontroller is designed to perform specific tasks and contains peripherals like I/O ports, serial ports and timers on board. Whereas, a microprocessor is mostly used as the CPU of a computer system and hence, doesn’t have any built-in peripherals.
• Architecture: A microcontroller is based on Harvard architecture while a microprocessor is based on Von Neumann architecture.
• Complexity: A microcontroller is much simpler than a microprocessor and usually contains fewer transistors compared to a microprocessor.
• Cost: Microcontrollers are generally cheaper than microprocessors.

Diagram

This diagram shows a comparison between microcontroller and microprocessor. It illustrates the differences between the two types of integrated circuits in terms of functionality, architecture, complexity and cost.