string in c programming

Working with Strings in C: A Comprehensive Guide

In C programming, a string is a sequence of characters that are stored in an array of characters. The last character in the array is always the null character '\0', which is used to indicate the end of the string.

Difference between character array and string in c

Character Array:  Character array is nothing but it is collection of character

String: String is nothing but it is a collection of characters ending with '\0'.

 

There are two ways to declare a string in C:

1. Using a character array:

char str[50]; // declares a character array of size 50
// initializes the string with a value
strcpy(str, "Hello, world!"); 

2. Using a pointer to a character array:

char *str = "Hello, world!"; // declares a pointer to a character array

// changes the value of the string
str = "Hello, C programming!";

Once a string is declared, you can perform various operations on it, such as concatenation, comparison, and extraction of substrings, by using built-in string functions in C.

Some of the commonly used string functions in C are

• strcpy(): copies a string from one location to another
• strcat(): concatenates two strings
• strlen(): returns the length of a string
• strcmp(): compares two strings and returns a value indicating their relationship

 

 How to Scan a String and How to Print it on the Screen 

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
    char s[10];
    printf("Enter the string:");
    scanf("%s",s);
    printf("%s\n",s);
    printf("s+2:%s\n",s+2); // s+2 started to print index 2 element 
}

Output:- Enter the string:balmiki
balmiki s+2:lmiki